ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžืก ืœื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื‘ื ื“ืœืดืŸ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ

ืžืก ืขืœ ื ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืœ

Last Updated on 17/02/2025

ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื–ื” ื ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื โ€“ ืžืก ืขืœ ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ โ€“ ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.

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ืื ื• ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืื™ืฉื™ ืœืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื•ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ืžื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืžืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืœืงื•ื—. ืื ื• ื’ืื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืžืœืื™ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืคื•ืืจื•ืช, ืงืจืงืขื•ืช, ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืžืชื—ืžื™ Airbnb ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™, ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช.

ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช, ื•ืื ื• ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืคืืคื•ืก โ€“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœื ื• ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืขื ื”ืื–ื•ืจ, ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉื‘ื•, ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืข. ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ, ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ืขื ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื‘ืฆืžื™ื—ื”, ืชืœ”ื’ ืขื•ืœื”, ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉื•ืง ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ืฉืžืชืคืชื— ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืจืฉื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืื™ ื ื”ื ื” ืžืงื”ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืขื“ ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืื—ื“.

ืืฆืœื ื•, ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–. ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืœืงื•ื— ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืžื—ืคืฉืช ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ, ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ืจ ื”ืžื—ืคืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืžืฉืชืœืžืช, ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืง ืื• ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืœื‘ ื”ืกื™ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ืฉื™, ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืœืงื•ื—, ื•ืขื“ ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืงื™ืฃ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืจื—ื•ืง โ€“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืžื™ืŸ, ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืฉืงื•ืฃ.

ืื—ืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืกื™ื•ืจื™ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื™ืกื™ ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ. ืžื” ื”ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื? ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช? ื•ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก ืœืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื? ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ื•ืœืกืคืง ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžืงื™ืฃ, ืจื™ื›ื–ื ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ืืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื, ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช, ืœืฆื“ ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ, ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื ืœื•ื•ืช ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ.

ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืฉืœื ื• ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”. ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืก ื™ืจื•ืฉื”, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืข”ืž ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืœืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืชื ืื™ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืคื—ืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ ืœื™ืขื“ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™. ืขื ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืชื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื.

ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ!

ืžื™ืกื™ ื ื“ืœืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ

ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื ื›ืก ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ

  1. ืขืžืœื•ืช ื”ืžืจืช ืžื˜ืดื— ืžืฉืดื— ืœืื™ืจื• (ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ)
  2. ืขืžืœืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื˜ืดื— ืœื—ื•ืดืœ
  3. ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ืจื—ื” ืขื•ืดื“ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ (0.8-1.25% ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืขืกืงื” ืคืœื•ืก 19% ืžืขืดืž)

ืžื™ืกื™ ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ

ื‘ืขืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื ื›ืก, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ืกื™ ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืก ื”ืขื‘ืจื”, ืžืก ื‘ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืžืข”ืž.

  • ืžืก ื”ืขื‘ืจื” (ื”ืžืก ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืœืžื™ื):
    • 3% ืขืœ โ‚ฌ85,000 ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
    • 5% ืขืœ โ‚ฌ85,001 ืขื“ โ‚ฌ170,000.
    • 8% ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืžืขืœ โ‚ฌ170,000.
      ืžืก ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืคื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืฆื™ืข ื”ื ื—ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ 50% ืขืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช (ืื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘), ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื 1.5%, 2.5% ื• 4%.

ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกย  ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืช 100000 ืื™ืจื•, ืชืฉืœืžื• 1.5 ืื—ื•ื– ืขืœ 85 ืืœืฃ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ 2.5 ืื—ื•ื– ืขืœ ื™ืชืจืช ื”- 15,000 ื•ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ 1650 ืื™ืจื• ืžืก ื”ืขื‘ืจื”.

ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืก ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ย 

ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ – ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก ืœืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’. ืื ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื›ืก ืื– ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉืงื™ืข ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืžืก ื”ื”ืขื‘ืจื” – ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืขื•ืดื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขืกืงื”.

  • ืžืก ื‘ื•ืœื™ื (ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™ ืžืฉื•ืœื ื‘ืขืช ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืž-ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ):
    • 0.15% ืขื“ โ‚ฌ5,000.
    • 0.20% ืขืœ ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
  • ืžืข”ืž:
    ืžืข”ืž ืขืœ ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ื ื›ืก ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื•.
    • 19% ืขืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืจื›ืฉื• ืžืงื‘ืœืŸ ืื• ื ื›ืก ืžืกื—ืจื™.
    • ื”ื ื—ื” ืœ-5% ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื (ืขื“ ืฉื˜ื— 200 ืžืดืจ)
    • ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืื• ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœ-ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืขืดืž ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ.

ืžืขืดืž ืžื•ืคื—ืช ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ - ื”ืื ืืชื ื–ื›ืื™ื?

ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืก ืœื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžืข”ืž ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื.ย  ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืชย  ืœืžืขืดืž ืžื•ืคื—ืช:

ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืžืข”ืž ืžื•ืคื—ืช ืฉืœ 5%

  1. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“:
    • ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก ืœืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืžืข”ืž ืžื•ืคื—ืช ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื ื›ืก ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื›ื‘ื™ืช ืจืืฉื™, ื•ืœื ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืื• ื”ืฉืงืขื”.
    • ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ื›ืก ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืš ืœืคื—ื•ืช 10 ืฉื ื™ื. ืื ืชืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื ื›ืก ืœืคื ื™ ืชื•ื 10 ืฉื ื™ื, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืข”ืž ื”ืžืœื (19%).
  2. ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื ื›ืก:
    • ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ื—ืœื” ืขืœ 200 ืž”ืจ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื— ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™.
    • ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœ-200 ืž”ืจ, ืชื—ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืข”ืž ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 19%.
  3. ื”ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืจืืฉ:
    • ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืœืžืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื ื›ืก.
    • ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื—ืชื•ืžื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ืื• ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ.
  4. ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช:
    • ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืจื•ื›ืฉ.
    • ื›ืœ ืื“ื (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื) ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืžืข”ืž ืžื•ืคื—ืช ืื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื.



ืžื™ืกื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื›ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืก, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืกื™ื ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืก ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืœื™ ื•-ืžืก ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืช.

  • ืžืก ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืœื™: ืžืก ืฉืžืฉื•ืœื ืœืขื™ืจื™ื” ืขืœ ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ, ืืฉืคื”, ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ – ื›- 0.1-0.2% ื‘ืฉื ื” ืžืขืจืš ื”ื ื›ืก.
  • ืžืก ืดื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืชืด/ืดื•ืขื“ ืฉื›ื•ื ื”ืด – ื ืงืจื ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ Communal fees ื•ื–ื”ื• ืชืฉืœื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืœืื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ื”ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก (ื ืงื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืจื™ื›ื”, ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืžื™ื).ย  ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื, ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืชื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื ืชื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ื›ื ืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ื”ืฉื›ืจื”. ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื ื›ืก, ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ืื• ื—ื“ืจ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื•ื›ื•โ€ฆ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 30-200 ืื™ืจื• ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ (ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ ื’ื•ืœืฃ ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ื™ื ืื• ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื™ื•ืงืจื” ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ).

ย 

ื”ืขืจื•ืช – ืื™ืŸ ืดืืจื ื•ื ื”ืด ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ.ย  ื›ืš ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื ื›ืก ืชืฉืœืžื• ืจืง ืืช ื”ืžืก ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืœื™. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืขื ืจื™ื”ื•ื˜ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ (ืกืœื•ืŸ, ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœ, ืžื™ื˜ื” ื–ื•ื’ื™ืช, ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ ืขื ืชื ื•ืจ, ื›ื™ืจื™ื™ื, ืžืงืจืจ, ืžื–ื’ื ื™ื) ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ืืชื ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงืฆืจ ืื– ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืื•ื‘ื–ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืชื ืžืขืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”- short term rentals ื›ืžื• Airbnb ืื• VRBO.

ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื—ืœืง ืž-ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช (ืจืื• ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœืžื˜ื”).

ืžื™ืกื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืก ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื›ื

ื‘ืขืœื™ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช.

  • ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช (ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ื˜ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช):
    ืžืก ืขืœ ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื’ื ืœื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืžืก ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื”
      • ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืขื“ โ‚ฌ19,500 โ€“ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก.
        • ืื ื”ื ื›ืก ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื›ืก ืฉืœ ืขื“ โ‚ฌ39,000 ืชื”ื™ื” ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืžืก. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืืชื ืžืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ื ื›ืก ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ืขื“ 3250 ืื™ืจื• ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ – ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžืก ื–ื” ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ.
      • ืžืขืœ โ‚ฌ19,500 โ€“ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืžืก:
        ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘-20% ื•ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืขื“ 35% ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช.
        • 20% ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืขื“ โ‚ฌ28,000.ย  (ืžืขืฉื™ืช – ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืขื“ 1700 ืื™ืจื• ืžืก)
        • 25% ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืขื“ โ‚ฌ36,300. (ืžืขืฉื™ืช – ืชืฉืœืžื• 3775 ืื™ืจื• ืžืก ืฉื ืชื™)
        • 30% ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืขื“ โ‚ฌ60,000. (ืชืฉืœืžื• 10,885 ืื™ืจื• ืžืก ืฉื ืชื™)
        • 35% ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืขืœ โ‚ฌ60,000.ย 
  • ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื–ื– ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ื˜ื•?
    ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ื˜ื•. ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืก ืœื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืงื™ื–ื•ื– ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืœืื™, ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช.
    • ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืœืื™ (Depreciation) – ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืœืื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืื—ื•ื– ืžืขืœื•ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื ื›ืก. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื, ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ 3% ื‘ืฉื ื”. ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื—ื™ืงืช ื”ื ื›ืก ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื.
    • ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื: ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” 20% ืžื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ืช ืžืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื.ย ย 
    • ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช GHS ย – ื›- 2.65% ืžืžื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ืช ืžืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื”.
    • ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืชืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉื ืœืงื—ื• ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื ื›ืก ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ื™. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื›ืก ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช.

ืžื™ืกื™ื ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžื”ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ื ื›ืก ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื›ื ื‘ื—ื•ืดืœ

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืฉื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ื ื›ืก ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•”ืœ, ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื”:

  1. ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืก ืžื•ืคื—ืช ืฉืœ 15% (“ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ”):
    • ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกืขื™ืฃ 122ื’ ืœืคืงื•ื“ืช ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื ืžืก ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ 15% ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื• ืžื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื‘ื—ื•”ืœ, ืœืœื ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช, ืœืžืขื˜ ืคื—ืช.
    • ืชื ืื™ื:
      • ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื›ื“ื™ “ืขืกืง” (ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื”).
      • ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื–ื– ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืžืก ื–ืจ ืฉืฉื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื•”ืœ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื–ื”.
    • ืคื—ืช: ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ืคื—ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 2% ืžืขืจืš ื”ืžื‘ื ื” (ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืงืจืงืข).
    • ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—: ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืœืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื”. ืื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืช ื“ื•ื— ืฉื ืชื™, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก 5329ื‘’ ื•ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขื“ ื”-30 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ืช.
  2. ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืก ืฉื•ืœื™ (ืžื“ื•ืจื’) ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 121 ืœืคืงื•ื“ื”:
    • ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžื”ืฉื›ืจืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื‘ื—ื•”ืœ ืชื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืก ืœืคื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ื.
    • ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช:
      • ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืื—ื–ืงื”, ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืคื—ืช ื•ืขื•ื“.
      • ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื–ื– ื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืžืก ื–ืจ ืฉืฉื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื•”ืœ, ื’ื ืื ืื™ืŸ ืืžื ืช ืžืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
    • ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—: ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื“ื•ื— ืฉื ืชื™ ืœืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื•ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช.

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช:

  • ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ื ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื•ืคื—ืช, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื•.
  • ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืžืก ืื• ืจื•ืื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—.
    ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื›ืกืฃ ืœื—ื•ืดืœ

ืžื™ืกื™ื ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื›ืก

ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ื—ืœ ืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ (Capital Gains Tax – CGT) ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 20% ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืžื›ื™ืจืช ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ. ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื”ื•ื ื™ ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ืชื•ืš ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช:

  • ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ื™:
      • ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ื™ื: ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ื›ืก, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืงื•ืžื”, ื”ืชืงื ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ืžื•ื, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืงืจืงืข, ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™, ื”ืชืงื ืช ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”.
      • ืฉื›ืจ ื˜ืจื—ืช ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ: ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืื• ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื›ืก.
      • ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื”: ืžืก ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ืœื ื‘ืขืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ื™
      • ื“ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืœ (Stamp Duty): ืื’ืจื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื”.
      • ืขืžืœืช ืžืชื•ื•ืš: ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชื™ื•ื•ืš.
      • ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื ื›ืก: ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื›ืก.
      • ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช: ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืฉื ืœืงื—ื• ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื ื›ืก.
  • ื”ื˜ื‘ืช ืžืก ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™: ืžืžืฉืœืช ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™ ืžืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืš ืฉืœ โ‚ฌ17,086 ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื ื›ืก. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ืฆืœ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืœื•ืื• ื‘ืขืกืงื” ืื—ืช ืื• ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืขืกืงืื•ืช. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื”ื•ื ื™ ืžืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื”ื•ื โ‚ฌ50,000, ืœืื—ืจ ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ, ื”ืžืก ื™ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื™ืชืจื” ืฉืœ โ‚ฌ32,914. ืื ื”ื ื›ืก ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืื• ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื•ื›ืคืœ.

ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืก ืœื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื.ย  ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืกื›ื•ื ืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืฉืœื ื‘ืขืช ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื›ืก, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื: ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ.

ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืขืช ื ื“ืœืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืœ

ืžื™ืกื™ื ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžื›ื™ืจืช ื ื›ืก ื‘ื—ื•ืดืœ

ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืฉื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ื›ืจ ื ื›ืก ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•”ืœ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ, ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:

  1. ื—ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ:
    • ืชื•ืฉื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 25% ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ ืžืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื‘ื—ื•”ืœ.

  2. ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžืžืก ื–ืจ:
    • ื™ืฉื ื” ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืก ืฉืฉื•ืœื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ืขื“ (ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ) ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืžื ืช ืžืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ. ื›ืš, ื”ืžืก ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืคื—ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืก ืฉืฉื•ืœื ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ.

  3. ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื”ื•ืŸ:
    • ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืก ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื™ ืคืงื•ื“ืช ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ืžื“ื•ื•ื— ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™.
  4. ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื•ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืงื“ืžื”:
    • ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื›ืก ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš 30 ื™ื•ื ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื”, ื•ืœืฉืœื ืžืงื“ืžื” ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืก ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ.

ื”ืขืจื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”: ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืžื ืช ืžืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืžืก ืื• ืจื•ืื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืžืงืกื ืืช ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื›ื.

ย 

ืฉื•ื ื•ืช

ืžืก ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ – ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000: ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื” ืืช ืžืก ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื”ื—ืœ ืž-1 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2000. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืก ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืขืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ.

ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืื•ืช:

ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืœืœื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืื™ื ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืก ืื• ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™. ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืก ื•ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืžืขืช ืœืขืช, ื•ืžืฉื›ืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืฆื‘ื›ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืื• ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื‘ื—ื•ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืžืก, ืจื•ืื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืื• ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžื•ืกืžืš ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืก ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ืœืžืงืกื ืืช ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื›ื.

ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื

ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืื• ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื ื›ืก ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืจื‘, ืืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืœื•ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืชืœืžื•ืช. ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ืจื”. ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.

ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื ืจื•ืื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื ื“ืœ”ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™. ื”ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ืœืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืก ืื™ืฉื™, ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืžื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœื›ื, ืชื•ืš ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช.

ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฆื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืื•ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื›ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืงื˜ ื ืคืฉื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš.

ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื ืฉืžื— ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืชื›ื ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš. ื›ื™ ืืฆืœื ื•, ืืชื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช.

KEYNOTE ASSETS LTD โ€“ย  ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื•ืืžื™ื ื”

ื—ื‘ืจืช KEYNOTE ASSETS LTD ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ 2017 ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื ืขื ื•ืืœื™ืก ืฉื ื™, ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง.

ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืคืืคื•ืกย  ื•ืคืื™ื™ื” (ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื•ื•ื™ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืคืฉ).

ื‘ืฉื ืช 2021 ื”ืงืžื ื•ย  ืงืจืŸ ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืจื›ืฉื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื‘ืคืืคื•ืก.

ืื ื• ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื™ืขืฆื™ื ืœืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื•ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื•ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ื ื•ืคืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืคืืคื•ืก, ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืื™ ื•ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ!

ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ืœืœื ื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ, ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืกื˜ืจื˜? ืขื Keynote Assetsย  ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืงืฆื” ืœืงืฆื”, ืžื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื•ืขื“ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื”. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืœ, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžืกืข ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื—ืœืง ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ืœืœื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื. ืืœ ืชืชื ื• ืœื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืžื•ืง – ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘.

ืงืจืื• ืขืœ ื ื“ืœืŸ ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ

KEYNOTE ASSETS LTD โ€“ย  ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื•ืืžื™ื ื”

ื—ื‘ืจืช KEYNOTE ASSETS LTD ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ 2017 ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื ืขื ื•ืืœื™ืก ืฉื ื™, ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง.

ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืคืืคื•ืกย  ื•ืคืื™ื™ื” (ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื•ื•ื™ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืคืฉ).

ื‘ืฉื ืช 2021 ื”ืงืžื ื•ย  ืงืจืŸ ื ื“ืœโ€ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืจื›ืฉื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฉื›ืจื” ื‘ืคืืคื•ืก.

ืื ื• ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื™ืขืฆื™ื ืœืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื•ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื•ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ื ื•ืคืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืคืืคื•ืก, ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืื™ ื•ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ!

ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืงืคืจื™ืกื™ืŸ ืœืœื ื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ, ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืกื˜ืจื˜? ืขื Keynote Assetsย  ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืงืฆื” ืœืงืฆื”, ืžื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื›ืก ื•ืขื“ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื”. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืœ, ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžืกืข ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื—ืœืง ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ืœืœื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื. ืืœ ืชืชื ื• ืœื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืžื•ืง – ืฆืจื• ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘.

ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื—ืฆื• >>>ื›ืืŸ<<<

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ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื

ืžืืžืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš

ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ

ืžืœืื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื

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